Australian English

EVERYDAY ENGLISH FROM AUSTRALIA – Series 2

TIẾNG ANH THÔNG DỤNG Ở AUSTRALIA – Loạt 2

Bài 21: Ôn lại từ Bài 1 đến Bài 10

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Ôn lại từ Bài 1 đến Bài 10: cách chào hỏi; đặt câu hỏi; thì quá khứ; xin chỉ đường; yêu cầu lịch sự; số lượng không đếm được; đề nghị và khuyên; quan hệ nhân quả; quan hệ giả định; thì tương lai; so sánh.

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EVERYDAY ENGLISH FROM AUSTRALIA – Series 2

TIẾNG ANH THÔNG DỤNG Ở AUSTRALIA – Loạt 2

Bài 20: talking about the past – the 3rd conditional (nói về chuyện quá khứ - thể giả định)

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Part 1 - THE DIALOGUE (đối thoại)

Bà Ruth và bà Dorothy lại nói chuyện về ngày xưa.

RUTH:                    If I'd lived in Sydney, I'd have learnt to swim.

DOROTHY:            If I'd lived on a farm, I'd have owned a horse.

RUTH:                    • If I'd stayed at school, I'd have gone to university.

                               • If I'd stayed at school, I might've gone to university.

DOROTHY:            I wouldn't have worked in Brown's Bakery.

RUTH:                    If I hadn't left school at fifteen, I'd have gone to university.

DOROTHY:           • If I'd married, I'd have had lots of children.

                               • If I'd married, I might've had lots of children.

RUTH:                    I'd have been very happy if I'd had lots of children. I'm sure I would've.

Part 2 - VOCABULARY (từ vựng)

a farm           nông trại 

[ 'fam ]

to own          làm chủ, sở hữu 

[ 'oʊn ]

Part 3 – LESSON: talking about the past - the 3rd conditional (nói về chuyện quá khứ - thể giả định)

Khi nói về các tình huống không có thực ở trong quá khứ, chúng ta áp dụng câu điều kiện thứ ba. Thí dụ:

If I had lived in Sydney, I would have learnt to swim.          Giá như còn sống ở Sydney, tôi đã học bơi rồi.

Trong thí dụ vừa rồi động từ ở mệnh đề 'if' được chia ở thời quá khứ hoàn thành và động từ ở mệnh đề chính được chia ở thời hiện tại hoàn thành.

IF + PAST PERFECT + WOULD + PERFECT

If I had lived on a farm, I would have owned a horse.         Giá như tôi sống ở trang trại, tôi đã có ngựa.

Trong thực tế chị ấy không sống ở trang trại nên đâu có ngựa.

Các mệnh đề ở câu điều kiện có thể hoán vị vị trí cho nhau được:

I would have owned a horse, if I had lived on a farm.        Giá như tôi sống ở trang trại, tôi đã có ngựa.

Câu điều kiện thứ ba ở dạng phủ định thường đề cập tới một thực tế là những hành động này thực sự đã xảy ra. Thí dụ:

If I had not left school at fifteen, I would have gone to university.

Giá như tôi không bỏ học lúc 15 tuổi tôi đã vào học đại học.

Trong thực tế, chị ấy đã bỏ học lúc 15 tuổi, bởi vậy chị ấy không học lên tới đại học. Cách nói này chỉ là một giả thiết.

Part 4 - PRONUNCIATION (phát âm)

Điểm chính của bài học này là tập trung vào câu điều kiện thứ ba câu giả định. Cách nói các giả định thật khó, vậy bạn hãy luyện nói các câu sau:

She would have had help.

[ ʃi 'wʊd hæv hæd hɛlp ]

She would've had help.

[ ʃi 'wʊd_əv hæd hɛlp ]

She would not have had help.

[ ʃi 'wʊd 'nɒt hæv hæd hɛlp ]

She wouldn't've had help.

[ ʃi 'wʊd_ənt_əv hæd hɛlp ]

Part 5 - PRACTICE (luyện tập)

Đề nghị bạn hoàn chỉnh bài hội thoại sau đây trong đó có sử dụng các động từ trong ngoặc.

Thí dụ:

JILL:             Well if you hadn't braked (brake) so hard, we wouldn't have had (have) the accident.

JACK:           If you_______________ (shout) at me, I_______________(brake) so hard.

JILL:            If you_________________ (rush) so much, I_____________ (shout) at you

JACK:           If you________________ (tread) on the plate, I____________ (rushed) to the hospital.

JILL:            But if you_______________(drop) the plate, I_______________ (tread) on it.

JACK:          And if you______________(ask) me to do the washing up, I______________________(drop) the plate.

JILL:            So, it's all my fault is it?

JACK:          Yes. If you_____________(ask) me to do the washing up, we_________________________(have) the accident.

Answers to Exercise in Lesson 16 (giải đáp cho Bài tập trong Bài 16):

1. People eat a lot of pies in Australia.               A lot of pies are eaten in Australia.

2. I have lost my hat.                                               My hat has been lost.

3. I will serve drinks later.                                     Drinks will be served later.

4. We speak English here.                                    English is spoken here

5. You must not touch the flowers.                    The flowers must not be touched

Answers to Exercise in Lesson 19 (giải đáp cho Bài tập trong Bài 19):

A. Have you spoken to Mary?                                    A asked if B had spoken to Mary.

B. Yes. I rang her this morning.                                B replied she had rung Mary this morning.

A. How are the arrangements for the party?        A asked B how the arrangements were for the party.

B. It'll be noisy. I hope the neighbours don't complain.   B explained that it'd be noisy and hoped that the neighbours wouldn't complain.

A. Well, we can always turn the volume down.      A suggested that they could always turn the volume down.

B. By the way, why don't you ask Betty along?       B told A to ask Betty along.

A. That's a good idea. See you tomorrow then.      A replied that it was a good idea and she would see A tomorrow.

Answers to Exercise in Lesson 20 (giải đáp cho Bài tập trong Bài 20)

JACK:           If you hadn't shouted at me, I wouldn't've braked so hard.

JILL:             If you hadn't rushed so much, I wouldn't've shouted at you

JACK:           If you hadn't treaded on the plate, I wouldn't've rushed to the hospital.

JILL:             But if you hadn't dropped the plate, I wouldn't've treaded on it.

JACK:           And if you hadn't asked me to do the washing up, I wouldn't've dropped the plate.

JILL:             So, it's all my fault is it?

JACK:           Yes. If you hadn't asked me to do the washing up, we wouldn't've had the accident.

Part 6 – THE SERIAL (chuyện đọc từng kỳ)

Episode 20:

          Well, the story is finished, but there are a few things I haven't explained. This is what happened at Richmond. The police had been watching the house all night. They knew that Mandy was tied to a chair, and Vincent had a gun. Just before mid-day, Vincent left his gun on a table and went to another room to talk to Pamela.

          The police broke into the house, arrested Pamela and Vincent, and untied Mandy. So I hadn't been needed after all. I was glad of that! Pamela was working for another group of researchers. She had pretended to be a friend of Diana's, and she had been with Diana when I phoned. She locked Diana in a room and travelled to Melbourne on Diana passport. It was lucky for her that they looked alike.

          Stanley Vincent was also in the gang. He had driven Cotton to the country at gunpoint. Cotton wouldn't tell him anything, so he took Cotton's second briefcase, then killed him. But the documents were not in the second briefcase, as we know.

          Vincent found the numbered disk and guessed that the documents must be at the hotel. So Cotton had been killed before Judy and I went on our fishing trip. Vincent had gone to the hotel, and when the safe key was missing, he broke into our house. And now, of course, Vincent and Pamela were under arrest. Vincent had been charged with the murder of Henry Cotton.

          'Thank goodness it's all over,' sighed Judy. 'In future, Joe, you must mind your own business. If you hadn't been so curious, we wouldn't have been involved!' I looked at Ben and Mandy, sitting together on the lounge. They looked very happy. I smiled.

          'If I hadn't been involved, Mandy wouldn't have met Ben, would she? I think this calls for a celebration. Champagne?'. And everyone agreed.

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END OF LESSON 20 (Lessons 21 and 22 are reviews and have no study notes)

COPYRIGHT NOTICE:

'Everyday English From Australia' lessons were funded by AusAID (the Australian Government's aid agency) and produced by Radio Australia Vietnamese Service in cooperation with Voice of Vietnam. Script advice was provided by the English Language Centre, Victoria University (Melbourne).

'Everyday English From Australia' lessons form part of English learning content of BayVut website (www.bayvut.com) – a service provided by Radio Australia.

(Nguồn ABC English) 

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EVERYDAY ENGLISH FROM AUSTRALIA – Series 2

TIẾNG ANH THÔNG DỤNG Ở AUSTRALIA – Loạt 2

Bài 19: direct and indirect speech (câu trực tiếp và gián tiếp)

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Part 1 - THE DIALOGUE (đối thoại)

Jackie và Martin là hai người bạn trẻ. Họ nói chuyện với nhau qua điện thoại.

Dialogue:

JACKIE:        Hi Martin. Jackie here.

MARTIN:       Hi. How are you?

JACKIE:        Fine thanks. I really enjoyed the movie last night. It was very exciting.

MARTIN:       Yes. It was. Oh, by the way, I saw Mary this morning.

JACKIE:        Mary Jones, you mean?

MARTIN:       Yes. I bumped into her at the library. Let's all meet for a drink on Saturday. Can you help me with my essay tonight?

JACKIE:        No. I can't Martin. I'm going to the theatre.

MARTIN:       Oh. That's OK.

JACKIE:        Why don't you give Ben a call.

Part 2 - VOCABULARY (từ vựng)

an essay                         bài tiểu luận, luận văn 

[ 'ɛseI ]

a library                           thư viện 

[ 'laIb(ə)ri ]

a movie                            phim ảnh, xi nê 

[ 'muvI ]

exciting                           hứng thú, hồi hộp 

[ ' əksaItIŋ ]

to bump into                   vô tình gặp ai đó 

[ 'bʌmp∪Intu ]

to agree                          đồng ý 

[ ə'gri ]

to ask                              hỏi 

[ 'ask ]

to explain                       giải thích

[ ək 'spleIn ]

to reply                            trả lời

[ rə 'plaI ]

to suggest                       gợi ý, đề nghị

[ sə'dʒɛst ]

to tell                                nói, kể

[ 'tɛl ]

Part 3 – LESSON: direct and indirect speech (câu trực tiếp và gián tiếp)

Trong cuộc sống hàng ngày, đôi lúc chúng ta cần phải nhắc lại lời nói của một người khác. Hay nói một cách khác là chuyển từ câu trực tiếp sang câu gián tiếp.

Bạn hãy nghiên cứu kỹ ví dụ sau câu trả lời của chị Jackie qua điện thoại:

TRACEY:      What did you say? (Chị ấy nói gì?)

JACKIE:        She said she was leaving in half an hour. (Chị ấy nói rằng nửa tiếng nữa chị ấy sẽ ra đi.)

Trong thí dụ này, động từ 'to say' được chia ở thời quá khứ, do vậy thời của động từ đó ở câu gián tiếp cũng được chuyển sang quá khứ.

Khi nói câu gián tiếp một số động từ cần phải có từ 'that' đi cùng. Thí dụ:

Jackie replied that she was fine.                             Chị Jackie trả lời rằng chị ấy khỏe.

Martin explained that he'd bumped into her.         Anh Martin giải thích rằng anh ấy vô tình gặp chị ấy.

Với các động từ khác, các bạn có thể dùng hay không dùng từ 'that':

• Jackie agreed they should meet.                           Jackie đồng ý là họ nên gặp nhau.

• Jackie agreed that they should meet.

Khi muốn chuyển từ trực tiếp sang gián tiếp, các bạn có thể dùng các động từ sau đây, ngoài động từ 'to say'.

to agree                  đồng ý

to ask                      hỏi

to explain                giải thích

to reply                    trả lời

to tell                        nói, kể

to suggest               gợi ý

Part 4 - PRONUNCIATION (phát âm)

Trong Tiếng Anh, vì ngữ điệu lên giọng diễn đạt ý không chắc chắn bằng ngữ điệu xuống giọng, cho nên ngữ điệu lên giọng có thể được dùng để tỏ thái độ lịch sự đặc biệt là khi bắt đầu một cuộc hội thoại. Người ta thường sử dụng ngữ điệu đó khi trả lời điện thoại. Thí dụ:

Hi Martin↗ .             Hi Jackie↗.

Các bạn hãy đóng vai người bán hàng và tập nói các câu sau đây:

A.       Can I help you↗?

B.       Yes. I'm looking for some apples.

A.       The ones on the sheft are very fresh↗.

B.       No thank you. They're too soft.

A.       Would you like to try these then↗?

Part 5 - PRACTICE (luyện tập)

Bạn hãy chuyển các câu sau đây sang gián tiếp và cố gắng sử dụng các động từ khác nhau thay cho động từ 'said': to agree, to ask, to explain, to reply, to tell, to suggest.

A.       Have you spoken to Mary?

B.       Yes. I rang her this morning.

A.       How are the arrangements for the party?

B.       It'll be noisy. I hope the neighbours don't complain.

A.       Well, we can always turn the volume down.

B.       By the way, why don't you ask Betty along?

A.       That's a good idea. See you tomorrow then.

B.       Bye.

Part 6 – THE SERIAL (chuyện đọc từng kỳ)

Episode 19:

          We didn't sleep much that night. The detective phoned next morning and went through the plan. He told me that the police were going to Richmond.

          'Pamela said that I wasn't to tell you,' I said anxiously, but Detective Baker said that I should trust him, and do what Pamela had said. I went to the hotel, collected the briefcase, and drove to Richmond. The briefcase looked the same, and it felt the same, but didn't know whether it still contained the documents. Exactly at mid-day I pulled up outside a small house and got out of a car. I had just opened the gate when Mandy ran out the front door, down the path and into my arms.

          'Are you all right, Mandy?' I asked her.

          'Fine now,' she said as she hugged me. Two things happen then. The detective emerged from the house, followed by Pamela and Vincent, the small, red-faced man. Both wore handcuffs. Two policemen were behind them. And Ben Morris came out from behind the house. Mandy left me, and walked into Ben's outstretched arms.

          'Hey, wait a minute… ' I began. The detective smiled.

          'He's OK, Mr. Moon. I told you. He was helping us with our enquires.' And I said… 'But didn't that mean he was under arrest?' Ben laughed, and he asked Mandy, 'Did you think that I'd been arrested too?' Mandy nodded, still holding him tight.

          The detective said seriously, 'We were concerned for his safety. We looked after him, and he helped us to find the real Diana Cotton.' The detective said that he'd contact us later, and he put Pamela and Vincent into a police car. Mandy, Ben and I went home. And that's really the end of the story. But next time, I'll tell you about Pamela. And how Henry Cotton died. And how Stanley Vincent had known there was something in the safe.

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END OF LESSON 19

COPYRIGHT NOTICE:

'Everyday English From Australia' lessons were funded by AusAID (the Australian Government's aid agency) and produced by Radio Australia Vietnamese Service in cooperation with Voice of Vietnam. Script advice was provided by the English Language Centre, Victoria University (Melbourne).

'Everyday English From Australia' lessons form part of English learning content of BayVut website (www.bayvut.com) – a service provided by Radio Australia.

(Nguồn ABC English) 

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EVERYDAY ENGLISH FROM AUSTRALIA – Series 2

TIẾNG ANH THÔNG DỤNG Ở AUSTRALIA – Loạt 2

Bài 18: talking about the past - continued (nói về thời quá khứ - tiếp theo)

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Part 1 - THE DIALOGUE (đối thoại)

Anh Terry kể cho các bạn nghe về những người Úc đầu tiên (thổ dân).

Dialogue:

TERRY:      The first Australian were the Aborigines. They've been living here for more than 40,000 years.

                   The Aborigines had been living here for 40,000 years when the white people came.

                   James Cook found Botany Bay in 1770.

                   Dutch traders had landed on the Australian coastline before Cook found Botany Bay.

                   Britain decided to send convicts to Botany Bay.

                   Before that convicts had been sent to America.

                  The first fleet left Britain in 1787.

                   The first fleet had been sailing for eight months when arrived at Botany Bay. There were a thousand people on board. Three quarters of them were convicts.

                   Thousands of convicts were sent to Australia. Many of them had been convicted of very small crimes.

                   In 1901, Australia became a nation. Before that it had been governed by Britain.

Part 2 - VOCABULARY (từ vựng)

Botany Bay               vịnh Botany 

[ 'bɒtəni 'beI ]

Dutch traders          các thương gia Hà Lan 

[ 'dʌtʃ 'treIdəz ]

The First Fleet          Hạm đội Số Một 

[ θə 'fɜst 'flit ]

a coastline                bờ biển 

[ 'koʊstlaIn ]

a colony                    thuộc địa 

[ 'kɒlənI ]

a convict                   tù nhân 

[ 'kɒnvIkt ]

a crime                      tội ác, tội phạm 

[ 'kraIm ]

a nation                      quốc gia 

[ 'neIʃən ]

three-quarters          ba phần tư 

[ 'ðri kwɔtəz ]

to convict                   kết án

[ kən'vIkt ]

to decide                    quyết định

[ də' saId ]

to govern                    cai trị

[ 'gʌvɛn ]

to land                         đổ bộ, đặt chân lên

[ 'lænd ]

to sail                          chạy trên biển, đi thuyền buồm, đi bằng đường biển.

[ 'seIl ]                         

Part 3 – LESSON: talking about the past (nói về thời quá khứ)

Khi muốn nói về một sự việc diễn ra trong quá khứ trước khi một sự việc khác xảy ra, chúng ta dùng thời quá khứ hoàn thành. Thí dụ:

Dutch traders had landed before Cook.     

Các thương gia Hà lan đặt chân tới trước thuyền trưởng Cook.

Đối với sự việc diễn ra sau, chúng ta dùng động từ ở thời quá khứ đơn giản.

Khi muốn nói một sự việc diễn ra ở quá khứ và tiếp tục diễn ra khi sự việc thứ hai xảy ra, và có thể vẫn còn tiếp tục, chúng ta dùng thời quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn. Thí dụ:

The Aborigines had been living here when the white people came.

Người thổ dân đã và đang sống ở đây khi người da trắng tới.

The First Fleet had been sailing for eight months when it arrived at Botany Bay.

Hạm đội Số Một đã đi trong tám tháng mới tới vịnh Botany.

Part 4 - PRONUNCIATION (phát âm)

Trong tiếng Anh có một số từ có chữ viết giống nhau nhưng mang chức năng ngữ pháp khác nhau và có cách đọc khác nhau. Thí dụ:

convict (noun) Khi là danh từ thì từ được nhấn ở âm tiết thứ nhất.

convict (verb)  Khi là động từ thì được nhấn ở âm tiết thứ hai.

Bạn hãy luyện đọc các từ sau:

produce (noun)                         produce (verb)

conduct (noun)                         conduct (verb)

progress (noun)                       progress (verb)

Part 5 - PRACTICE (luyện tập)

Bạn hãy viết một đoạn ngắn về lịch sử Việt Nam. Trong khi viết, đề nghị các bạn cố gắng sử dụng thời quá khứ hoàn thành và quá khứ hoàn thành tiến diễn.

Part 6 – THE SERIAL (chuyện đọc từng kỳ)

Vocabulary:

a research document          tài liệu nghiên cứu

[ rə 'sɜtʃ dɒkjumənt ]

Episode 18:

          When Mandy appeared next morning, I could see that she'd been crying. There was nothing I could do to help her. Ben Morris had been arrested, and Mandy was heart-broken. I suggested that she should stay at home, but she decided to go to work as usual. She said that she'd be working late.

          I didn't believe that Ben Morris was a criminal, but he had been working closely with Cotton… No, I didn't believe it, and neither did Judy. That night Judy and I had just finished dinner when the phone rang. I answered it. I recognised the voice immediately. It was Diana.

          'Mandy is here with me,' she said. 'So far she's all right…' I tried to interrupt.

          'Diana… ' I began. 'The name is Pamela,' she said coldly. 'Diana is in Hong Kong. She'll be all right if she's sensible. Now listen. We want Cotton's research documents. If you don't give them to us, Mandy will be killed. Is that clear?'

          'I don't have any documents…' I began, but Pamela said, 'You know what we want. Find them! Now listen carefully. Take the documents to 17 Ring Street, Richmond at mid-day tomorrow. And don't tell the police.'

          'I don't have any documents… ' I said again, but Pamela had gone. I told Judy what Pamela had said, and we agreed that there was only one thing to do. We would ring Detective Baker, and ask his advice. Detective Baker was sympathetic. He thought for a while, and then he said that he'd leave the briefcase at the hotel that night. He told me to collect it next morning, and do exactly as Pamela had instructed. I told him I'd do as he said, and I though that this was the worst day of my life… so far. I didn't like the look of the next day, either.

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END OF LESSON 18

COPYRIGHT NOTICE:

'Everyday English From Australia' lessons were funded by AusAID (the Australian Government's aid agency) and produced by Radio Australia Vietnamese Service in cooperation with Voice of Vietnam. Script advice was provided by the English Language Centre, Victoria University (Melbourne).

'Everyday English From Australia' lessons form part of English learning content of BayVut website (www.bayvut.com) – a service provided by Radio Australia.

(Nguồn ABC English) 

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EVERYDAY ENGLISH FROM AUSTRALIA – Series 2

TIẾNG ANH THÔNG DỤNG Ở AUSTRALIA – Loạt 2

Bài 17: talking about the past (nói về thời quá khứ)

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Part 1 - THE DIALOGUE (đối thoại)

Bốn người Úc sẽ kể cho các bạn nghe về các hoạt động thể thao của họ.

Dialogue:

SIMON:    I've always played a lot of sport. I like soccer best. I've been playing since I was at school.

LYNNE:    No. I'm not interested in sport, but I like an outdoor life. I'm a keen bushwalker, and I enjoy gardening, too.

LYNNE:    I've never been interested in sport, but I like an outdoor life. I've been a keen bushwalker for many years. I've always enjoyed gardening, too.

SAM:       I've been at university since I left school, so I haven't had time for sport. I've been spending all my spare time studying.

AMY:       I used to play a lot of sport, but I don't get out much these days. But I've been enjoying it very much.

Part 2 - VOCABULARY (từ vựng)

a bushwalker              người đi bộ trong rừng (thể thao) 

[ 'bʊʃ wɔkə ]

a conservationist        nhà hoạt động bảo vệ thiên nhiên, người 

[ kɒnsə 'veIʃənəst ]        có xu huớng bảo vệ thiên nhiên.

an outdoor life              cuộc sống ngoài trời 

[ 'aʊtdɔ∪laIf ]

soccer                    bóng đá 

[ 'sɒkə ]

to garden                làm vườn 

[ 'gadən ]

to get out                đi, thoát ra 

[ 'gɛt aʊt ]

to paint                    vẽ tranh, sơn 

[ 'peInt ]

to spend                  tiêu xài 

[ 'spɛnd ]

to study                    học tập 

[ 'stʌdi ]

recently                    mới đây 

[ 'risəntli ]

Part 3 – LESSON: talking about the past (nói về thời quá khứ)

Khi nói về một hành động bắt đầu ở quá khứ, tiếp tục cho tới hiện tại và có thể tiếp tục trong tương lai, chúng ta dùng thời hiện tại hoàn thành. Thí dụ:

I've always played a lot of sport.                               Tôi thường xuyên chơi thể thao rất nhiều.

I've been a keen bushwalker for many years.       Tôi thích tảo bộ trong rừng đã nhiều năm nay.

Chúng ta có thể dùng thời hiện tại hoàn thành để tiếp tục chỉ những việc đã xảy ra trong quá khứ, vẫn đang xảy ra trong hiện tại và sẽ có thể tiếp tục trong tương lai.

I've been spending all my spare time studying.    Tôi dành tất cả thời gian nhàn rổi để học.

I've been watching sport on television.                   Tôi thường theo dõi thể thao qua truyền hình.

Part 4 - PRONUNCIATION (phát âm)

Đôi khi khó có thể phân biệt được giữa hai thanh / n / và / ŋ /.

Bạn hãy đọc to những từ sau và phân biệt rõ hai thanh:

/ n /                                     / ŋ /

son                                  sung

win                                  wing

sinner                              singer

thin                                 thing

ton                                  tongue

run                                  rung

pan                                  pang

Part 5 - PRACTICE (luyện tập)

Điền vào chỗ trống ở cuối câu các từ thích hợp sau đây:

for years, every year, at least twice, ten times

1. I've been watching sport on television…

2. We've won…

3. I've been to your party…

4. I've seen that movie…

Part 6 – THE SERIAL (chuyện đọc từng kỳ)

Episode 17:

          I told the detective everything I knew about Henry Cotton, and the police had the briefcase. Diana had gone, and I didn't expect to see her again. But when you've been so involved in a mystery, you don't just forget about it, do you? And of course there was Mandy, who was very interested… in Ben Morris! He came to our house one day, and Judy and I liked him too. He was very upset about Cotton's death.

          I asked Ben about Cotton's driver, the small red-faced man who had tried to get the briefcase. Ben said the man's name was Stanley Vincent. He has left his job as a driver at the university some time ago, and now the police would be looking for him. Ben believed that Vincent was working for another group of scientists who wanted to be first with the discovery.

          There was more excitement to come. First, there was a terrible shock for Mandy… and for Judy and me as well. Mandy came home from the university with the news.

          'They've arrested Ben,' she said, and burst into tears. I couldn't believe it.

          'Nonsense,' I said. 'You must have made a mistake.' But I phoned Detective Baker, and he said, 'We now believe that Cotton was murdered. Mr Morris is helping us with our enquiries.'

          'What you mean is that Ben Morris has been arrested.' I said. 'That's crazy! You've made a mistake.' Detective Baker sounded angry. 'Leave it with us, Mr Moon. Oh… and by the way, have you heard from the young lady?'

          'Do you mean Diana Cotton?' I asked. "Hmm… perhaps,' he said. 'Are you sure it was Diana Cotton? Did you know her?'

'Well… no,' I said, 'but of course it was Diana. Who else could it be?' And the detective said, 'That's what we'd like to know!'

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END OF LESSON 17

COPYRIGHT NOTICE:

'Everyday English From Australia' lessons were funded by AusAID (the Australian Government's aid agency) and produced by Radio Australia Vietnamese Service in cooperation with Voice of Vietnam. Script advice was provided by the English Language Centre, Victoria University (Melbourne).

'Everyday English From Australia' lessons form part of English learning content of BayVut website (www.bayvut.com) – a service provided by Radio Australia.

(Nguồn ABC English) 

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EVERYDAY ENGLISH FROM AUSTRALIA – Series 2

TIẾNG ANH THÔNG DỤNG Ở AUSTRALIA – Loạt 2

Bài 16: active and passive sentences (thể chủ động và bị động)

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Part 1 - THE DIALOGUE (đối thoại)

Anh Bill, người chăn cừu, sẽ kể cho các bạn nghe về ngành chăn nuôi cừu.

Dialogue 1:

BILL:     There are millions of sheep in Australia. The sheep industry produces meat for food, and wool for clothing.

QUESTION: How is wool produced?

BILL:     Well…first there's the shearing. The sheep are taken to the shearing shed where they're shorn. Then the fleece - that's the wool - is thrown onto a table where it's cleaned up a bit. The fleeces are sorted… Some are better than others, you know… then the wool is pressed into big square bags called bales. The bales are taken to the city and the wool is sorted again. Then it's sold at auction. Most of my wool is sold to overseas buyers. Well… the wool is washed first, of course. All the grease is removed. Then it's dried and stretched. And it's dyed. You can dye wool any colour you like. And then the wool is  spun, and woven into cloth.

Part 2 - VOCABULARY (từ vựng)

an auction               đấu giá 

[ 'ɒkʃən ]

a bale                       kiện hàng 

[ 'beIl ]

a fleece                    đống lông của một con cừu 

[ 'flis ]

a flock                       một đàn 

[ 'flɒk ]

grease                      chất nhờn (dầu mỡ) 

[ 'gris ]

to dry                        làm khô 

[ 'draI ]

to produce               sản xuất 

[ prə 'djus ]

to remove                tẩy sạch 

[ rə 'muv ]

to shear                    cắt, xén, hớt 

[ 'ʃia ]

to spin                      đánh thành sợi 

[ 'spIn ]

to stretch                 căng, kéo ra 

[ 'strɛtʃ ]

to weave                  dệt

[ 'wiv ]

Part 3 – LESSON: active and passive sentences (thể chủ động và bị động)

Khi nói về các quy trình sản xuất, người ta thường dùng thể bị động, vì người nghe muốn biết điều gì xảy ra chứ không muốn biết ai là người tiến hành công việc.

Một động từ có thể được sử dụng ở thể chủ động hay bị động. Thể chủ động thường được được áp dụng khi chủ ngữ (vấn đề chính được đề cập tới) của câu hay mệnh đề là người hay vật thực thi hành động đó. Thí dụ:

The sheep industry produces meat for food.        Công nghiệp cừu là nguồn cung cấp thịt.

Thể bị động thường được dùng khi chủ ngữ của câu hoặc mệnh đề tiếp nhận hành động của động từ:

Meat is produced by the sheep industry.               Thịt cừu được sản xuất bởi ngành công nghiệp cừu.

Cấu trúc của thể bị động bao gồm phân từ quá khứ của động từ cùng với động từ 'to be' đã được chia với chức năng làm trợ động từ. Thí dụ:

The sheep are taken to the shearing shed.           Cừu được mang tới nhà lán (nơi được trang bị để thu hoạch lông cừu.)

Các bạn có thể thay đổi thời của động từ ở thể bị động bằng cách thay đổi thời của động từ 'to be'. Còn phân từ quá khứ của động từ vẫn được giữ nguyên. Thí dụ:

      TENSE                                    ACTIVE VOICE                             PASSIVE VOICE

Present simple                            it produces                              it is produced

Past simple                                  it produced                              it was produced

Future simple                              it will produce                          it will be produced

Part 4 - PRONUNCIATION (phát âm)

Bạn có thể nghe thấy nhiều từ có âm / s / và / ʃ /. Bbạn cần phân biệt rõ hai âm đó.

Bạn hãy đọc to các từ sau đây:

                           / s /                                                                                / ʃ /

sausages, soap, sandwich, syrup,                         wash cloth, shoes, sugar, sheets

spinach, scent, socks, spice, stockings

Bạn hãy cố gắng phân biệt sự khác nhau của các cặp từ sau:

Nếu có thể, bạn làm bài tập sau đây cùng với bạn của mình. Đây là một trò chơi trí nhớ. Mỗi người tự chọn lấy một thứ trong danh sách mặt hàng đi chợ dưới đây và nhớ tên mặt hàng của người khác chọn.

Sugar, sheets, shoes, washing powder, fish and chips, shirt. soap, cushion

Example:

1st PERSON: Sheila went shopping and she bought a sheet.

2nd PERSON: Sheila went shopping and she bought a sheet and some sugar.

3rd PERSON: Sheila went shopping and she bought a sheet, some sugar and…

Part 5 - PRACTICE (luyện tập)

Bạn hãy chuyển các câu sau đây sang thể bị động.

Example:

                             Active                                                                Passive

You must not bring dogs into the park.               Dogs must not be brought into the park.

1. People eat a lot of pies in Australia.                A lot of pies…

2. I have lost my hat.                                                My hat…

3. I will serve drinks later.                                      Drinks…

4. We speak English here.                                     English…

5. You must not touch the flowers.                     The flowers…

Part 6 – THE SERIAL (chuyện đọc từng kỳ)

Episode 16:

          The detective was very interested in my story. When I had finished, he said, 'Right, Mr Moon. Let's go over that again. Henry Cotton works at the university, here and in Hong Kong. He's working on something pretty important. He says he's in danger, and he gives you a briefcase which you put in the safe at the hotel.' 'That's right,' I said.

          'You go on holidays, and someone breaks into your house and takes your keys. Why would they do that?'

          'I guess they wanted the key to the safe,' I said.

          'Right. So someone wants the briefcase. Then Cotton disappears. You check with Cotton's assistant… er… what's his name?'

          'Ben Morris. Yes, my daughter Mandy went to see Morris, but he didn't know where Cotton was.'

          'What else? Oh yes, a man claiming to be Cotton's assistant goes to the hotel with a letter and disk, and asks for a package. But it isn't there. It's at your place. And it isn't a package, it's a briefcase. Then you ring Hong Kong and speak to Diana Cotton. She doesn't know where Cotton is, and she's worried. So she comes to Melbourne. Hmm. Interesting young woman. Then we find Cotton's body. We think he killed himself, but you don't. You think he was killed by someone who wants to steal his research. So then, at last, you give us the briefcase.'

          The detective looked at me sternly. 'You should have come to the police earlier, Mr Moon. You know that, don't you?' I nodded. 'OK. What happens next? Diana Cotton leaves town. Where is she? Do you have any idea?'

          'No,' I said.

          'Don't worry. We'll find her!'

          'Do you think she knows something, then?' I asked.

          'Yes, we do,' the detective replied grimly. 'We need to talk to that young woman. She'll be found soon. You can be sure of that!'

Download bài học MP3

END OF LESSON 16

COPYRIGHT NOTICE:

'Everyday English From Australia' lessons were funded by AusAID (the Australian Government's aid agency) and produced by Radio Australia Vietnamese Service in cooperation with Voice of Vietnam. Script advice was provided by the English Language Centre, Victoria University (Melbourne).

'Everyday English From Australia' lessons form part of English learning content of BayVut website (www.bayvut.com) – a service provided by Radio Australia.

(Nguồn ABC English) 

{/rokaccess}

EVERYDAY ENGLISH FROM AUSTRALIA – Series 2

TIẾNG ANH THÔNG DỤNG Ở AUSTRALIA – Loạt 2

Bài 15: describing locations (mô tả nơi chốn, vị trí)

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Part 1 - THE DIALOGUE (đối thoại)

Chị Mai Linh sẽ tả cho các bạn nghe buồng ngủ của chị ấy.

Dialogue 1:

MAI LINH:    My bedroom is a square room with a door in the middle of one wall. Opposite the door is a window and below the window is my desk and chair. Standing in my doorway, I can see my wardrobe, which takes up the entire wall on my left, and I can see my bed lying against the wall on my right with it's head against the same wall as the window. Between the bed and the window is a small table. Near the foot of my bed and against the wall behind the door is a chest of drawers.

Chị Mai Linh sẽ kể tiếp cho các bạn nghe một số đồ đạc kê ở trong buồng ngủ.

Dialogue 2:

MAI LINH:     There's a clock on the little table. There are some books on the desk, and behind the books is a lamp. My slippers are under the bed. On the wall above the bed head is a photograph of my parents. In the middle of the room there's a small round rug.

Anh Terry sẽ tả phòng làm việc của anh ấy.

Dialogue 3:

TERRY:   My office is a rectangular room with no windows. The door is in the centre of a shorter wall. Against the wall opposite the door are my desk and chair. In the corner on the left of my desk is a filing cabinet and opposite the filing cabinet in the corner behind the door, is another filing cabinet. In the middle of the longer wall to the right of the door and against the wall, is a long table and against the wall opposite the table is a bookcase.

Part 2 - VOCABULARY (từ vựng)

a bed head                         đầu giường 

[ 'bɛd hɛd ]

a book case                       tủ sách 

[ 'bʊk∪keIs ]

a chest of drawers           tủ com-mốt (có nhiều ngăn kéo rộng) 

[ tʃɛst∪əv 'drəz ]

a doorway                           cửa ra vào 

[ 'dɔweI ]

a filing cabinet                   tủ đựng tài liệu 

[ 'failIŋ kæbənət ]

foot of the bed                   chân giường 

[ 'fʊt∪əv θə 'bɛd ]

a pot plant                           cây cảnh 

[ 'pɒt plant ]

slippers                                dép đi trong nhà

[ 'slIpəz ]

a typewriter                        máy chữ

[ 'taIpraItə ]

a wardrobe                        tủ quần áo

[ ' w:adroʊb ]

entire                                   toàn bộ

[ ən 'taIə ]

against                              dựa vào, áp vào

[ ə 'geIinst ]

behind                               phía sau

[ bə 'haInd ]

below                                phía dưới

[ bə 'loʊ ]

between                           giữa, ở giữa

[ bə 'twin ]

in the centre                    ở trung tâm

[ In θə_∪'sɛntə ]

opposite                          đối diện

[ 'ɒpəsIt ]

Part 3 – LESSON: describing locations (mô tả nơi chốn, vị trí)

Khi tả đồ vật, chúng ta cần phải nói rõ chúng ở đâu bằng những giới từ như:

'IN' (ở trong) hay 'ON' (ở trên, tại.) Thí dụ:

The bread is in the cupboard on the shelf.           Bánh mì để trong ngăn tủ trên cái giá.

The shop is on the corner.                                       Cửa hàng ở góc đường.

The television is in the corner.                                Máy truyền hình đặt ở góc nhà.

Chú ý: Có sự khác nhau giữa nhóm từ 'in front of' và 'opposite'. Từ 'opposite' thường mang nghĩa đối diện, trong khi nhóm từ 'in front of ' không mang nghĩa đó 'Next to', 'near' và 'by' để chỉ những vật gì rất gần những vật khác. Thí dụ:

• The chair is next to the desk.                               Cái ghế ở gần cái bàn giấy

• The chair is near the desk.

• The chair is by the desk.                     

Part 4 - PRONUNCIATION (phát âm)

Có nhiều giới từ được bắt đầu bằng một nguyên âm. Các bạn luyện đọc các từ sau và cố gắng phân biệt sự khác nhau:

Part 5 - PRACTICE (luyện tập)

Bạn hãy nhìn vào hai bức ảnh sau đây và nói rõ các điểm khác nhau. Bạn nên rủ một bạn khác cùng làm bài tập này. Các bạn hãy hỏi nhau các câu hỏi về vị trí của đồ vật để tìm ra sự khác nhau.

Part 6 – THE SERIAL (chuyện đọc từng kỳ)

Vocabulary:

to arrest                 bắt giữ

Episode 15:

          Detective Baker left, and Diana went to bed. 'She's very calm.' I said. 'Do you think she's all right?'. 'She's too calm,' was Judy's reply. 'She isn't upset at all. I don't believe she cares about her father. There's  something strange about that young woman.'

          Mandy looked at her watch, and said that Ben would be home. She would call him to tell him the news about Henry Cotton. She went to the phone, which was on the wall in the kitchen, and closed the door. I winked at Judy. 'Romance is in the air,' I said, and Judy smiled.

          Next morning Diana had breakfast with us as usual. I looked at her closely. She was pale, and she was worried, but I didn't think that she's been crying.

          'I'm going away for a few days,' she told us. 'Thank you for your kindness.' She didn't tell us where she was going, and she took all her things. I must say Judy and I were not sorry to see her go. Later that day the detective came to our place again, wanting to see Diana, but we couldn't tell him where she was.

          'Never mind,' the detective said. 'If we need her, we'll find her.'

          'Did Cotton kill himself?' I asked.

          'Well… it certainly looks like it. Why? Do you know something about it?'

          'I knew Cotton,' I said. 'He was a very famous scientist. He was working on an important project. He was about to make an important discovery. I don't believe he would kill himself, that's all.' The detective looked at me sternly.

          'Is there something else you want to tell us, sir?' he asked.

          'Yes,' I said. I went to the bedroom and took the briefcase from under the bed. I went back to the living room and gave it to Detective Baker.

          'What's this, then?' he asked. And I told him everything I knew.

Download bài học MP3

END OF LESSON 15

COPYRIGHT NOTICE:

'Everyday English From Australia' lessons were funded by AusAID (the Australian Government's aid agency) and produced by Radio Australia Vietnamese Service in cooperation with Voice of Vietnam. Script advice was provided by the English Language Centre, Victoria University (Melbourne).

'Everyday English From Australia' lessons form part of English learning content of BayVut website (www.bayvut.com) – a service provided by Radio Australia.

(Nguồn ABC English) 

{/rokaccess}