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Sinh viên quốc tế sau tốt nghiệp được ở lại làm việc đến 4 năm tại Úc

Hỏi đáp: thị thực làm việc (visa làm việc) tại Úc sau tốt nghiệp - Khối đại học (2011)

Tổng quan Chiến lược xem xét Thị Thực du học 2011- Khuyến nghị

Yêu cầu visa cao gây phiền hà cho du học sinh bậc đại học trở lên sẽ được dỡ bỏ, và thị thực làm việc hai đến bốn năm sau khi tốt nghiệp sẽ được giới thiệu cho du học sinh tốt nghiệp trường đại học, theo khuyến nghị chính từ việc xem xét Knight của chương trình thị thực du học. 

 Former Sydney 2000 Olympics minister Michael Knight. Photo: Brett Costello. Source: The Daily Telegraph

Các trường đại học hiện nay sẽ phải chờ khoảng 1 năm cho sự thay đổi này, dự kiến là học kỳ 2 của năm kế tiếp

Và các trường đào tạo nghề sẽ phải chờ lần xem xét thứ hai, dự kiến là vào năm sau, trước khi có sự thay đổi lớn trong tiến trình xét duyệt visa cho sinh viên quốc tế.

Sự sắp xếp visa du học, đi kèm với đồng đô la Úc tăng mạnh và sự siết chặt của luật di trú, là những nguyên nhân làm giảm mạnh số lượng du học sinh chọn Úc là điểm đến

Cho đến nay các trường nghề và trung tâm Anh Ngữ bị ảnh hưởng nặng nề nhất, còn các trường đại học thì chỉ ảnh hưởng nhỏ.

Dưới đạo luật mới dành cho sinh viên đại học, sinh viên sẽ được xem như là 'có ít rủi ro' (trong việc nhập cư).

Các trường nghề và trung tâm anh ngữ sẽ có những thay đổi trong năm sau, bao gồm việc giảm yêu cầu chứng minh tài chính cho học sinh.

Sự giảm số tiền cần chứng minh xuống còn $36,000 từ các nước được xem là "rủi ro cao" như Trung Quốc và Ấn Độ sẽ phải gửi tiền vào ngân hàng được chính phủ Úc chỉ định trước khi họ đăng ký xin visa.

Sự thay đổi sẽ bỏ vie65 việc học sinh phải có đủ trình độ anh ngữ tước khi họ có thể đến Úc để học chương trình Anh Ngữ

Chính phủ sáng nay đã chấp thuận 41 khuyến nghị xem xét bởi người sáng lập Sydney Olympics Bộ trưởng Michael Knight.

(theo theaustralian)

An interview with representatives of NSW Government High Schools

Ms Mia Kumar - Principal of Burwood Girls High School and Mr Milton Wan - Regional Team Leader - South East Asia with SET China Town 

Các giáo sư Harvard thường có những lời khuyên bổ ích dành cho sinh viên của mình. Dưới đây là tập hợp những lời khuyên có giá trị nhất đặc biệt dành cho các sinh viên châu Á.

Đừng mắc nợ

 

Nếu phải lựa chọn giữa một đại học công lập nhỏ, bình thường với một đại học tư lớn, danh giá nhưng đắt đỏ, hãy chọn cái đầu tiên. Việc không mắc nợ tiền học phí sẽ khiến bạn nhẹ nhõm và có lợi hơn nhiều.

 

Tích cực tham gia các hoạt động tập thể

Qua những hoạt động này, bạn sẽ biết làm cách nào để giao tiếp được với mọi người cũng như cảm thông, giúp đỡ người khác. Đây chính là cơ sở cho “tố chất lãnh đạo” thường được nhắc tới trong văn hóa Mỹ. Khi xin việc, bạn sẽ được chú ý đặc biệt. Đừng bao giờ nghĩ rằng những hoạt động mình tham gia chỉ gói gọn trong phạm vi nhà trường mà thôi.

 

Đừng học tiến sĩ chuyên ngành khoa học xã hội, trừ khi bạn không thể sống thiếu học thuật

Việc học tiến sĩ chẳng giúp được gì cho những công việc trên thực tế.

 

Đừng học luật, trừ khi bạn có thần kinh thép

Luật sư luôn phải đại diện đi đòi quyền lợi cho người khác, áp lực vô cùng lớn. Tự sát là nguyên nhân đầu tiên trong bảng xếp hạng về những cái chết bất thường của giới luật sư.

Hãy chơi thể thao. Theo nhiều nghiên cứu cho thấy, những người say mê một môn thể thao trong trường đại học, sau khi ra trường sẽ có thu nhập cao hơn nhiều so với người không bao giờ chơi thể thao. 

Người Mỹ chơi thể thao không phải chỉ để tăng cường thể lực, mà còn để rèn luyện đấu chí và tố chất lãnh đạo. Không ai có thể cạnh tranh với đội trưởng một đội thể thao trong trường đại học, ngay cả khi anh ta đi xin việc ở phố Wall.

Đừng sống theo kỳ vọng của cha mẹ, hãy làm những công việc mình thật sự yêu thích

Carly Fiorina, nữ CEO của tập đoàn máy tính khổng lồ Hewlett-Packard, đã từng nói: “Đừng bao giờ bán linh hồn mình.”

 

Hãy tập làm một vài việc mà bạn không thạo. Như Socrates đã từng nói, người ta vị tất đã hiểu hết bản thân. Thế nên, hãy cho bản thân một cơ hội mới.

 

Lấy chính mình để định nghĩa thành công, đừng lấy những thứ bên ngoài (chẳng hạn như tiền) để định nghĩa thành công.

 

Công việc tốt do chính mình tìm thấy, chứ không phải từ trên trời rơi xuống.

 

Chọn môn tâm lý học về “hạnh phúc”. Ở Harvard, đây là một trong những môn “hot” nhất.

 

Học môn nghệ thuật biểu diễn

Xã hội Mỹ là một sân khấu lớn. Từ giáo sư, chính trị gia, CEO, đến luật sư, ký giả, nhà quân sự… không biết biểu diễn thì đều khó ngóc đầu lên được.

 

Học cách khen ngợi người khác

Biết cách làm một diễn viên giỏi, đồng thời cũng phải biết cách làm một khán giả tốt. Đôi khi bạn thấy quan hệ con người trong xã hội Mỹ có vẻ hơi xa cách, đó chẳng qua là vì thiếu những lời ấm áp và những cử chỉ chân thành.

 

Sử dụng dịch vụ vụ tư vấn nghề nghiệp

Một phần không thể thiếu của đại học Mỹ chính là cơ quan tư vấn hướng nghiệp. Đội ngũ chuyên nghiệp sẽ giúp bạn phân tích sở trường, sở đoản cá nhân, phân tích tình hình thị trường, đưa ra lời khuyên về nghề nghiệp cũng như bí quyết phỏng vấn thành công, và giúp bạn sửa đơn xin việc.

 

Điềm tĩnh khi bị từ chối

 

Đừng ngạo mạn. Dù có đậu vào Harvard cũng đã là gì ghê gớm!

 

Đừng quá cầu toàn. Đừng tạo cho mình những áp lực không cần thiết. Sống đâu chỉ có học hành và công việc, còn bao nhiêu thứ khác nữa chứ!

 

Tự kiếm tiền trang trải khi học đại học. Đây chính là quá trình tích lũy kinh nghiệm làm việc. Điều này rất quan trọng, nhưng đa phần sinh viên châu Á không làm được, thậm chí một số còn cho rằng không cần thiết. Kỳ thực, những người tự kiếm tiền trang trải mới là những người biết giá trị của cuộc sống.

 

Chỉ cần có mục tiêu, hãy viết ra giấy

Đừng phí thời giờ nghĩ vẩn vơ, chỉ có hành động mới giúp được bạn.

Chúng tôi xin chia sẻ các bạn một số tóm lượt đề thi vừa sưu tầm được TRONG THÁNG NÀY. Trong số này, có đề dạng thức Academic, General và một số câu hỏi môn thi Speaking. Xin cám ơn các nguồn gửi đến cho chúng tôi.

 Gia đình đóng vai trò rất quan trọng trong việc phát hiện và điều trị kịp thời căn bệnh tự kỉ cho trẻ. Theo đó, cha mẹ không nên lo lắng thái quá hoặc ngược lại là thờ ơ trước các dấu hiệu tự kỉ của trẻ.

Thi xếp lớp vào các buổi sáng Thứ 2; 4; 7 lúc 8g30, hoàn toàn miễn phí. Vui lòng liên hệ số đt 083 848 4433 ext 16 để được đăng ký và tư vấn thêm.

ĐỀ THI TUYỂN SINH ĐẠI HỌC NĂM 2011
MÔN THI: ANH VĂN; Khối D
Thời gian làm bài: 90 phút, không kể thời gian phát đề
Mã đề thi 369

ĐỀ THI GỒM 80 CÂU (TỪ QUESTION 1 ĐẾN QUESTION 80)
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined part in each of the following questions.
Question 1: We have lived there for years and grown fond of the surroundings. That is why we do not want to leave.
A. planted many trees in the surroundings B. haunted by the surroundings
C. loved the surroundings D. possessed by the surroundings

Question 2: His new work has enjoyed a very good review from critics and readers.
A. viewing B. regard C. look D. opinion

Question 3: Such problems as haste and inexperience are a universal feature of youth.
A. marked B. shared C. hidden D. separated

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to show the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions.
Question 4: Publishing in the UK, the book has won a number of awards in recent regional book fairs.
A B C D
Question 5: During our tour of the refinery, it was seen that both propane and gasoline were produced in large volumes.
A B C D
Question 6: The first important requirements for you to become a mountain climber are your strong passion and you have good health.
A B C D
Question 7: Hardly did he enter the room when all the lights went out.
A B C D
Question 8: A professor of economy and history at our university developed a new theory of the relationship between historical events and financial crises.
A B C D

Read the following passage adapted from Understanding Rural America – InfoUSA and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word for each of the blanks from 9 to 18.
The well-being of America’s rural people and places depends upon many things – the availability of good-paying jobs; (9)_______ to critical services such as education, health care, and communication; strong communities; and a healthy natural environment. And, (10) _______ urban
America is equally dependent upon these things, the challenges to well-being look very different in rural areas than in urban areas. Small-scale, low-density settlement (11) _______ make it more costly for communities and businesses to provide critical services. Declining jobs and income in the natural resource-based industries that many rural areas depend on (12) _______ workers in those industries to find new ways to make a living. Low-skill, low-wage rural manufacturing industries must find new ways to challenge the increasing number of (13) _______ competitors. Distance and remoteness impede many rural areas from being connected to the urban centers of economic activity. Finally, changes in the availability and use of natural resources located in rural areas (14) _______ the people who earn a living from those resources and those who (15) _______ recreational and other benefits from them.
Some rural areas have met these challenges successfully, achieved some level of prosperity, and are ready (16) _______ the challenges of the future. Others have neither met the current challenges nor positioned themselves for the future. Thus, concern for rural America is real. And, while rural America is a producer of critical goods and services, the (17) _______ goes beyond economics. Rural America is also home to a fifth of the Nation’s people, keeper of natural amenities and national treasures, and safeguard of a/an (18) _______ part of American culture, tradition, and history.
Question 9: A. challenge B. key C. access D. advantage
Question 10: A. because B. while C. when D. since
Question 11: A. styles B. tools C. means D. patterns
Question 12: A. offer B. turn C. force D. make
Question 13: A. foreign B. abroad C. lateral D. rural
Question 14: A. effect B. encourage C. stimulate D. affect
Question 15: A. involve B. evolve C. bring D. derive
Question 16: A. in B. of C. with D. for
Question 17: A. research B. impatience C. concern D. stimulus
Question 18: A. abnormal B. simple C. incredible D. unique

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word or phrase that is OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined part in each of the following questions.
Question 19: Fruit and vegetables grew in abundance on the island. The islanders even exported the surplus.
A. sufficiency B. excess C. large quantity D. small quantity

Question 20: There is growing concern about the way man has destroyed the environment.
A. attraction B. speculation C. ease D. consideration

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following questions.
Question 21: “Don’t forget to tidy up the final draft before submission,” the team leader told us.
A. The team leader asked us to tidy up the final draft before submission.
B. The team leader reminded us to tidy up the final draft before submission.
C. The team leader ordered us to tidy up the final draft before submission.
D. The team leader simply wanted us to tidy up the final draft before submission.

Question 22: “My company makes a large profit every year. Why don’t you invest more money in it?”
my friend said to me.
A. My friend suggested his investing more money in his company.
B. My friend persuaded me to invest more money in his company.
C. I was asked to invest more money in my friend’s company.
D. My friend instructed me how to put more money into his company.

Question 23: “Mum, please don’t tell dad about my mistake,” the boy said.
A. The mother was forced to keep her son’s mistake as a secret when he insisted.
B. The boy earnestly insisted that his mother tell his father about his mistake.
C. The boy begged his mother not to tell his father about his mistake.
D. The boy requested his mother not to talk about his mistake any more.

Question 24: “You shouldn’t have leaked our confidential report to the press, Frank!” said Jane.
A. Jane accused Frank of having cheated the press with their confidential report.
B. Jane criticized Frank for having disclosed their confidential report to the press.
C. Jane suspected that Frank had leaked their confidential report to the press.
D. Jane blamed Frank for having flattered the press with their confidential report.

Question 25: “If you don’t pay the ransom, we’ll kill your boy,” the kidnappers told us.
A. The kidnappers pledged to kill our boy if we did not pay the ransom.
B. The kidnappers ordered to kill our boy if we did not pay the ransom.
C. The kidnappers threatened to kill our boy if we refused to pay the ransom.
D. The kidnappers promised to kill our boy if we refused to pay the ransom.

Read the following passage adapted from Cultural Guide – OALD, and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 26 to 35.
The issue of equality for women in British society first attracted national attention in the early 20th century, when the suffragettes won for women the right to vote. In the 1960s feminism became the subject of intense debate when the women’s liberation movement encouraged women to reject their traditional supporting role and to demand equal status and equal rights with men in areas such as employment and pay.
Since then, the gender gap between the sexes has been reduced. The Equal Pay Act of 1970, for instance, made it illegal for women to be paid less than men for doing the same work, and in 1975 the Sex Discrimination Act aimed to prevent either sex having an unfair advantage when applying for jobs.
In the same year the Equal Opportunities Commission was set up to help people claim their rights to equal treatment and to publish research and statistics to show where improvements in opportunities for women need to be made. Women now have much better employment opportunities, though they still tend to get less well-paid jobs than men, and very few are appointed to top jobs in industry.
In the US the movement that is often called the “first wave of feminism” began in the mid 1800s. Susan B. Anthony worked for the right to vote, Margaret Sanger wanted to provide women with the means of contraception so that they could decide whether or not to have children, and Elizabeth Blackwell, who had to fight for the chance to become a doctor, wanted women to have greater opportunities to study. Many feminists were interested in other social issues.
The second wave of feminism began in the 1960s. Women like Betty Friedan and Gloria Steinem became associated with the fight to get equal rights and opportunities for women under the law. An important issue was the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA), which was intended to change the Constitution. Although the ERA was not passed, there was progress in other areas. It became illegal for employers, schools, clubs, etc. to discriminate against women. But women still find it hard to advance beyond a certain point in their careers, the so-called glass ceiling that prevents them from having highlevel jobs. Many women also face the problem of the second shift, i.e. the household chores.
In the 1980s, feminism became less popular in the US and there was less interest in solving the remaining problems, such as the fact that most women still earn much less than men. Although there is still discrimination, the principle that it should not exist is widely accepted.

Question 26: It can be inferred from paragraph 1 that in the 19th century,______
A. British women did not complete their traditional supporting role
B. most women did not wish to have equal status and equal rights
C. British women did not have the right to vote in political elections
D. suffragettes fought for the equal employment and equal pay

Question 27: The phrase “gender gap” in paragraph 2 refers to_____.
A. the visible space between men and women
B. the difference in status between men and women
C. the social distance between the two sexes
D. the social relationship between the two sexes

Question 28: Susan B. Anthony, Margaret Sanger, and Elizabeth Blackwell are mentioned as _____.
A. American women who were more successful than men
B. American women with exceptional abilities
C. pioneers in the fight for American women’s rights
D. American women who had greater opportunities

Question 29: The Equal Rights Amendment (ERA)_____.
A. was not officially approved B. changed the US Constitution
C. was brought into force in the 1960s D. supported employers, schools and clubs

Question 30: In the late 20th century, some information about feminism in Britain was issued by_____.
A. the Equal Rights Amendment B. the Equal Pay Act of 1970
C. the Equal Opportunities Commission D. the Sex Discrimination Act

Question 31: Which of the following is true according to the passage?
A. The movement of feminism began in the US earlier than in Britain.
B. The women’s liberation movement in the world first began in Britain.
C. The US movement of feminism became the most popular in the late 20th century.
D. The British government passed laws to support women in the early 20th century.
Question 32: The phrase “glass ceiling” in paragraph 4 mostly means_______.
A. an imaginary barrier B. an overlooked problem
C. a ceiling made of glass D. a transparent frame

Question 33: Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?
A. There is now no sex discrimination in Britain and in the US.
B. Many American women still face the problem of household chores.
C. An American woman once had to fight for the chance to become a doctor.
D. British women now have much better employment opportunities.

Question 34: It can be inferred from the passage that______.
A. the belief that sex discrimination should not exist is not popular in the US
B. women in Britain and the US still fight for their equal status and equal rights
C. the British government did not approve of the women’s liberation movement
D. women do not have better employment opportunities despite their great efforts

Question 35: Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
A. Opportunities for Women Nowadays B. Women and the Right to Vote
C. The Suffragettes in British Society D. Feminism in Britain and the US

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word that differs from the rest in the position of the main stress in each of the following questions.
Question 36: A. future B. prospect C. guidance D. involve
Question 37: A. facilitate B. hydrology C. participate D. intimacy
Question 38: A. represent B. permanent C. continent D. sentiment
Question 39: A. romantic B. reduction C. popular D. financial
Question 40: A. optimist B. immediate C. fabulous D. accuracy

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of sentences in the following questions.
Question 41: He behaved in a very strange way. That surprised me a lot.
A. He behaved very strangely, which surprised me very much.
B. I was almost not surprised by his strange behaviour.
C. What almost surprised me was the strange way he behaved.
D. His behaviour was a very strange thing, that surprised me most.

Question 42: He cannot lend me the book now. He has not finished reading it yet.
A. Having finished reading the book, he cannot lend it to me.
B. He cannot lend me the book until he has finished reading it.
C. Not having finished reading the book, he will lend it to me
D. As long as he cannot finish reading the book, he will lend it to me.

Question 43: Crazianna is a big country. Unfortunately, it has never received respect from its
neighbours.
A. Crazianna has never received respect from its neighbours because it is a big country.
B. Crazianna is such a big country that it has never received respect from its neighbours.
C. It is Crazianna, a big country, that has never received respect from its neighbours.
D. Though Crazianna is a big country, it has never received respect from its neighbours.

Question 44: His academic record at high school was poor. He failed to apply to that prestigious
institution.
A. His academic record at high school was poor because he didn’t apply to that prestigious
institution.
B. His academic record at high school was poor as a result of his failure to apply to that prestigious
institution.
C. Failing to apply to that prestigious institution, his academic record at high school was poor.
D. His academic record at high school was poor; as a result, he failed to apply to that prestigious
institution.

Question 45: Smoking is an extremely harmful habit. You should give it up immediately.
A. When you give up smoking immediately, you will affect your health with this harmful habit.
B. You should give up smoking immediately and you will fall into an extremely harmful habit.
C. Stop your smoking immediately so it will become one of your extremely harmful habits.
D. As smoking is an extremely harmful habit, you should give it up immediately.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
Question 46: “Why don’t you sit down and______?”
A. make yourself at peace B. make yourself at rest
C. make it your own home D. make yourself at home

Question 47: “You ______have cooked so many dishes. There are only three of us for lunch.”
A. wouldn’t B. oughtn’t C. needn’t D. couldn’t

Question 48: The Second World War______in 1939.
A. brought about B. turned up C. broke out D. took out

Question 49: “We’d better_____ if we want to get there in time.”
A. turn down B. speed up C. take up D. put down

Question 50: The temperature_______takes place varies widely from material to material.
A. which melting B. at which melting C. at which they melt D. which they melt

Question 51: The village was_____ visible through the dense fog.
A. only B. barely C. mostly D. hard

Question 52: ______ without animals and plants?
A. What would life on earth be like B. How would life on earth be for
C. What will life on earth be like D. How will life on earth be like

Question 53: Harry: “Are you ready, Kate? There’s not much time left.”
Kate: “Yes, just a minute. ______!”
A. No longer B. I won’t finish C. I’d be OK D. I’m coming

Question 54: “______ you treat him, he’ll help you. He’s so tolerant.”
A. No matter how B. In addition to C. Even though D. As if

Question 55: I could not____ the lecture at all. It was too difficult for me.
A. get along B. make off C. take in D. hold on

Question 56: I did not want to believe them, but in fact, _____ was true
A. what they said B. what has said C. that they were said D. which they said

Question 57: “You’ll recognize Jenny when you see her. She_____a red hat.”
A. will wear B. will be wearing C. wears D. is wearing

Question 58: Alfonso: “I had a really good time. Thanks for the lovely evening.”
Maria: “_____.”
A. I’m glad you enjoyed it B. Yes, it’s really good
C. Oh, that’s right D. No, it’s very kind of you

Question 59: This shirt is _____that one.
A. as much expensive as B. not nearly as expensive as
C. a bit less expensive D. much far expensive than

Question 60: The sign “NO TRESPASSING” tells you____”
A. not to photograph B. not to smoke C. not to enter D. not to approach

Question 61: Sue: “Can you help me with my essay?”
Robert: “______”
A. Yes, I’m afraid not. B. I think that, too.
C. Not completely D. Why not?

Question 62: The instructor blew his whistle and_____.
A. off the runners were running B. off ran the runners
C. off were running the runners D. the runners run off

Question 63: She built a high wall round her garden_____.
A. to enable people not taking her fruit B. so that her fruit would be stolen
C. to prevent her fruit from being stolen D. in order that her fruit not be stolen

Question 64: Before I left for my summer camp, my mother told me to take warm clothes with me
____ it was cold.
A. despite B. in case C. so that D. whereas

Question 65: “Never be late for an interview,______ you can’t get the job.”
A. unless B. otherwise C. or so D. if not

Question 66: If it___ for the heavy storm, the accident would not have happened.
A. weren’t B. hadn’t been C. isn’t D. were

Question 67: The sky was cloudy and foggy. We went to the beach, ____.
A. however B. even though C. so D. yet

Question 68: He never lets anything____ him and his weekend fishing trip.
A. come between B. come on C. come up D. come among

Question 69: Joan: “Our friends are coming._____, Mike?”
Mike: “I’m sorry, but I can’t do it now.”
A. Shall you make some coffee, please B. Shall I make you like some coffee
C. Why don’t we cook some coffee D. Would you mind making some coffee

Question 70: Our boss would rather____ during the working hours.
A. us not chatting B. we didn’t chat C. us not chat D. we don’t chat

Read the following passage adapted from A. Briggs’ article on culture, Microsoft Student 2008,
and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the
questions from 71 to 80.
Culture is a word in common use with complex meanings, and is derived, like the term broadcasting, from the treatment and care of the soil and of what grows on it. It is directly related to cultivation and the adjectives cultural and cultured are part of the same verbal complex. A person of culture has identifiable attributes, among them a knowledge of and interest in the arts, literature, and music. Yet the word culture does not refer solely to such knowledge and interest nor, indeed, to education. At least from the 19th century onwards, under the influence of anthropologists and sociologists, the word culture has come to be used generally both in the singular and the plural (cultures) to refer to a whole way of life of people, including their customs, laws, conventions, and values.
Distinctions have consequently been drawn between primitive and advanced culture and cultures, between elite and popular culture, between popular and mass culture, and most recently between national and global cultures. Distinctions have been drawn too between culture and civilization; the latter is a word derived not, like culture or agriculture, from the soil, but from the city. The two words are sometimes treated as synonymous. Yet this is misleading. While civilization and barbarism are pitted against each other in what seems to be a perpetual behavioural pattern, the use of the word culture has been strongly influenced by conceptions of evolution in the 19th century and of development in the 20th century. Cultures evolve or develop. They are not static. They have twists and turns. Styles change. So do fashions. There are cultural processes. What, for example, the word cultured means has changed substantially since the study of classical (that is, Greek and Roman) literature, philosophy, and history ceased in the 20th century to be central to school and university education. No single alternative focus emerged, although with computers has come electronic culture, affecting kinds of study, and most recently digital culture. As cultures express themselves in new forms not everything gets better or more civilized.
The multiplicity of meanings attached to the word made and will make it difficult to define. There is no single, unproblematic definition, although many attempts have been made to establish one. The only non-problematic definitions go back to agricultural meaning (for example, cereal culture or strawberry culture) and medical meaning (for example, bacterial culture or penicillin culture). Since in anthropology and sociology we also acknowledge culture clashes, culture shock, and counter-culture, the range of reference is extremely wide.

Question 71: According to the passage, the word culture____.
A. is related to the preparation and use of land for farming
B. develops from Greek and Roman literature and history
C. comes from a source that has not been identified
D. derives from the same root as civilization does

Question 72: It is stated in paragraph 1 that a cultured person_____.
A. has a job related to cultivation B. takes care of the soil and what grows on it
C. has knowledge of arts, literature, and music D. does a job relevant to education

Question 73: The author remarks that culture and civilization are the two words that_____.
A. share the same word formation pattern
B. are both related to agriculture and cultivation
C. have nearly the same meaning
D. do not develop from the same meaning

Question 74: It can be inferred from the passage that since the 20th century______.
A. schools and universities have not taught classical literature, philosophy, and history
B. classical literature, philosophy, and history have been considered as core subjects
C. classical literature, philosophy, and history have not been taught as compulsory subjects
D. all schools and universities have taught classical literature, philosophy, and history

Question 75: The word “attributes” in paragraph 1 most likely means______.
A. aspects B. fields C. qualities D. skills

Question 76: The word “static” in paragraph 2 could best be replaced by “_____”.
A. regular B. balanced C. unchanged D. dense

Question 77: Which of the following is NOT stated in the passage?
A. Anthropology and sociology have tried to limit the references to culture.
B. Distinctions have been drawn between culture and civilization.
C. The word culture can be used to refer to a whole way of life of people.
D. The use of the word culture has been changed since the 19th century.

Question 78: It is difficult to give the definitions of the word culture EXCEPT for its______.
A. agricultural and medical meanings B. historical and figurative meanings
C. philosophical and historical meanings D. sociological and anthropological meanings

Question 79: Which of the following is NOT true about the word culture?
A. It is a word that cannot be defined. B. Its use has been considerably changed.
C. It differs from the word civilization. D. It evolves from agriculture.

Question 80: The passage mainly discusses______.
A. the distinction between culture and civilization
B. the figurative meanings of the word culture
C. the derivatives of the word culture
D. the multiplicity of meanings of the word culture
Lê Thị Thanh Xuân
(TT Luyện thi Đại học Vĩnh Viễn – TP.HCM)